Reviewing All of the Policies and The Legislation

Question: Discuss and Describe about the fact for legislation it can be said that implementation of few act, legislation or policies are not enough to protect the wellbeing and the rights of the vulnerable group in the society. Answer: Introduction: Safeguarding in the context of vulnerable people is a very important question. According to Sheldon (2011), vulnerable people are those who are weak and have to depend on the others, which in turn provide an opportunity to others to abuse them. There are different types of abuse could be found. Types of abuses may include physical, verbal, emotional, sexual, financial and any other type of emotional abuse. According to Currie and Lockett (2011), not only the adults or the youth but also, the children are abused. The research study of Glasby and Dickinson (2014) reflects that the elderly people and the children are the most vulnerable people towards abuse as they have to depend on their care givers solely for their survival. It is found that the elderly people especially those who are suffering from mental disorder are more vulnerable than that of the healthy one. Therefore, the government and the local communities need to take steps to provide safeguard the vulnerable group in the so ciety. Particular individuals such as Mrs. P and groups may be vulnerable to abuse or harm to self or others According to the case study, the elder people especially those who depend on the others are common by abusers. Mrs. P could not do anything when she was abused by her son because of her dependency and powerlessness. However, according to the research study of Glasby (2012), not only the dependent people but also healthy people aged over 18 years could be abused. According to McKeeargue (2010), in most of the cases, people learn to abuse other people who are bound to depend on them from their close friends and families. They may be gone through the abusive treatment in their childhood or may be observed that their parents are prone to abuse someone else. Hence, abuse becomes common nature for such people. According to Rigby et al. (2011), adults vulnerable to abuse could be defined as the people who are aged 18 years old or more and seek the help of community care services because of their physical and mental disability or illness. People who are unable to defend themselves against the abusive incidents can also be considered as vulnerable to abuse. Lymbery (2010) opines that vulnerable adults include those people who are the victims of domestic violence, drug addicts, homeless people and prostitute. People who undergone traumatic pressure is also considered as vulnerable towards various abuses. The groups and individuals are vulnerable towards the abuses due to different factors that may include physical disability, learning disability, severe illness, old age and mental health problems. Individuals and the groups who are considerably weak are mostly are victimized by the abusers. People who are abused physically, sexually or verbally or may be in another way could react differently to situations. In this scenario, Mrs. P was harmed and abused by her care giver, her son who took the advantage of her dementia and exploited her savings. In this situation, her security and ethical values were thoroughly compromised. The mental and physical torture on the victim makes her feel blamed and afraid. The harmful effects of abusive incidents also include guilty feeling, unworthy, anxious, inadequate, incompetent and undeserving. Review of the risk factors that may lead to the incidence of abuse and harm to Mrs. P and others There are different types of abuses, which make the victim feel afraid and guilty. According to Moss (2012), the types of abuses may include physical, verbal, emotional, sexual, financial and any other type of emotional abuse. The violence may include neglect, using privilege, using emotional abuse and threats of physical abuse. According to the case study, an elderly lady was targeted by her son (the abuser). The victim became distressed due to dementia and fully dependent on her care giver. Although the case study does not reflect any reasons, which can lead to the self-harm and abuse it can be said that there are many factors that can place a person at "high risk of abuse." According to Stevens et al. (2011), these factors could be designated as risk factors. Humphries and Curry (2011), defined risk factors as the characteristics of a group or individuals which have the potentiality to induce the chances of worse results in future. The researchers showed that when these factors are coupled with protective factors, it can increase the potentiality of chances to experiencing abuse by the weak people. However, the main risk factors of abuse may include family conflict, dependency, different psychological problems and career stress. In the provided case study, the risk factors, which are associated with the a busing of the elderly lady, were her mental disease (dementia) and dependency. According to Tew et al. (2011), the risk factors, associated with the events of self-harm and abuse could be classified into three major categories. These categories are family factors, person factors, and environmental or social factors. The person factors may include different types of disabilities such as cognitive, physical or mental; any mental or physical disorder, temperaments, aggressive behavior and attention deficits. On the other hand, the family factors may include the abusive incidences experienced within the family, family violence, history of neglect, regular conflicts, poor interaction with friends and families, low self-esteem, involvement in criminal behavior, use of corporal punishment, family stress and divorce (or any separation). The environmental or social risk factors may include unemployment, social isolation, socio-economic disadvantage, homelessness, inadequate housing, racism or discrimination, stressful life events or less availability of social support. It is observed that the elderly people are considered as the easy target for abuse because of their disorders and dependency. In this case study scenario, the victim feels trapped and helpless as they became very depressed and afraid. Understanding of the factors that contributes to the incidences of abuse and harm to self and others After studying the case study, it is important to identify different factors that directly involved into the abuse incidences of elderly people. There are different types of abuses, which make the victim feel afraid and guilty. According to Lymbery and Postle (2010), the types of abuses may include physical, verbal, emotional, sexual, financial and any other type of emotional abuse. The violence may include neglect, using privilege, using emotional abuse and threats of physical abuse. It is found that the types of abuse vary depending on different culture. In this case study the victim (Mrs. P) is an 80 years old lady who is suffering from abuse. Mr. P is a muslim by culture. The previous research showed that the rates of abuse incidences are increasing in the Muslim culture. Therefore, it can be said that despite of her age and mental disorder her culture is another reason of her vulnerability towards abuse. There are different types of risk screening tools such as HCR-20 Violence Risk Assessment Scheme. This tool is helpful to identify 20 factors; each scored 0 (absent), 1(possibly absent), or 2 (definitely present). The scores vary 0-40 that reflects the severity of the risks among the common person. The risk screening tool is also proved as beneficial to promote the reliability and validity with room for flexibility. Risk Screening Tool is able to inform risk reduction as well as management. Although most of the researchers focused on the youth or adults who are being abused or mistreated by the outsiders or the strangers, Ward, Pugh and Price (2010), contradicts in their research that most of the abuse are perpetrated by the care giver or a caretaker. Sedlak et al. (2010) showed in their research work that there is much evidence of child abuse, where the parents become hyper, angry and intoxicated who physically or emotionally abuse the children. However, in most of the cases, it is observed that the youth is actually neglected by their parents, which lead them towards depression. Unfortunately, there are no specific indicators found, which can cause abuse and neglect. However, the researchers managed to identify several risk factors that have a direct impact on the families and induce the probability of neglect and abuse. Risk factors were identified in different domains that may include community, family, parent and youth level. On the other hand, it is also important to state that absence of the risk factors in a scenario does not indicate that there are no chances of occurring abusive incidences. In the society not only the children or youth but also the adults could be a victim of abuse by their care givers or strangers. According to Radford et al. (2011), there are three major types of risk factors such as static factors, dynamic factors, and the future risk factors. The static risk factors include the male persons and their age of committing first violence, childhood maladjustment or personality disorder, family history of drug and alcohol abuse and last but not the least is a psychiatric disorder. On the other hand, the dynamic risk factors may include current substance abuse, unstable accommodation, unemployment, current stressors, poor therapeutic alliance and available access to weapons. The predictors of static risk factors are mainly historical and factors, which cannot be changed. On the other hand, the predictors of the dynamic risk factors may include only those factors, which cannot be changed. The prediction of dynamic risk factors is critical since the factors get changed over time. According to Kimbrough et al. (2010), the risk factors, associated with the events of self-harm and abuse could be classified into three major categories such as family or relationship factors, person or individual factors and environmental or social factors and community risk factors. The social Risk Factors may include lack of awareness of sex trafficking or sexual exploitation and sexualization of children. According to the research study of Fraser et al. (2010), the community risk factors may include peer sources, social norms, and social isolation, under-resourced schools as well as gang involvement. On the other hand, the relationship risk factors may include family conflict and family history with a mental disorder. However, it is observed that the impact of the individual risk factors plays a key role in the occurrence of abusive incidences. The individual risk factors may include the history of child abuse or neglect, homeless, LGBT, stigma and discri mination. The other risk factors include a family conflict, which is considered as one of the major risk factors that induces abuse of elderly people. Reder and Duncan (2013) showed in their research that if the victim is socially isolated or has a limited access towards the social care increases the chances of abuse. On the other hand, psychological conditions include the mental health condition of the victim as well as the abuser. The risk factors are described in the following diagram- Figure: Risk factors Legislation and policies regarding the killing children by the parents According to the case study scenario, it is found that the parents are getting more hyper and aggressive that is affecting the well-being of their children. In the case of Daniel Pelka and Keanu Williams, both of these two children were abused by their parents and tortured to their death. These scenarios not only reflect the inhumanity but also the incapability of the legislation and policies that are implemented in the country. According to Oates (2013), Child abuse is strictly banned by the rules and regulations implemented by the government of the United Kingdom. Safeguarding the rights of the children are extremely important. Young children are identified as the vulnerable groups who are obligate to trust and depend on their parents and their care givers for in the context of their welfare. Some of the main legislation in the context of safeguarding of children includes Children Act (1989). The Children Act (1989) was further updated with the Children Act (2004). This updated version also includes the principle of "integrated children's services". This Act also inserted five important principles of "Every Child Matters (2003)." These five principles may include be healthy. Stay safe, enjoy and achieve, make a position contribution and achieve economic wellbeing. Implementation of this act in certain limit is helpful to protect the wellbeing of the children. However, Slep, Heyman and Snarr (2011) showed i n their research that the parents are becoming more aggressive and prone to violet Children Act. On the other hand, Safeguarding Vulnerable Act 2006 is considered as a guide to inter-agency working to safeguard and promote the welfare of children. The department for education published the updated version of this act in 2015. This guideline sets the power of the individuals as well as the organization that has the responsibility to take care of the welfare of the children. According to this act, the notifiable incidents regarding children wellbeing are- (1) if a child dies because of the neglect or abuse, (2) a child is suspected to be harmed or neglected, (3) a child in a service setting has died. On the other hand, Protection of Freedom Act 2012 also ensures the safeguarding of the children. In addition, Children and Families Act 2014 ensures the power of the parents or the care givers who have the responsibility for the welfare of the children. Violating these rules and regulatio ns are considered as punishable law. The role of the different professionals in order to prevent child abuse After studying the case study scenario, it can be said that implementation of few act, legislation or policies are not enough to protect the wellbeing and the rights of the children. It is found that it is also important to follow the duties and the laws. Therefore, it is noticed that different professionals, as well as organizations, are taking active steps to reduce abuse of the children. According to Howe (2010), safeguarding the welfare of the children is a complex procedure. The accomplishment of this complex procedure is hugely dependent on the collaborative work between different agencies. There are different types of services involved with the social services, education, health and voluntary agencies that have their area of responsibilities to provide safeguard towards the wellbeing of the children. For example, the concern about the wellbeing of a child may directly involve the General Practitioners (GPs), family support workers and the social workers. The health visitors ha ve the responsibility about the health as well as the development of children who are five years old or less. On the other hand, General Practitioners (GPs) play a vital role in the context of safeguarding the welfare of the children. The General Practitioners (GPs) possess the responsibilities about the general health of the patients who are registered with that GP is a locality. The hospital staffs also play a critical role that involved the steps in order to avoid accidents in the emergency department and provide a safe environment for the patients (children). Social workers also have a responsibility to offer services for the vulnerable children as well as towards their family. This is because in several cases it is found that the families went through struggle in order to protect their children from abuse incidences. However, it was also evident that there are many parents who are found to abuse their children, even kill them. In this context, it is observed that the social wor kers always play a crucial role to monitor the welfare of the children who in a community. In addition, the local community can also play a vital role in ensuring the security of the children in their community area. Existing practices and strategies to minimize abuse in the social and health care in the context of case study Working for the welfare of the vulnerable people especially for the children is a very complex work. The children used to depend on their parents solely about their safety and well-beings. However, it is found that the parents are not the only responsible people who have to ensure their childrens safety. Barlow and Calam (2011) showed in their research that a large number of children experience abusive incidence in their play schools or day care, which is not at all desirable. Therefore, several strategies are taken in order to minimize the abuse incidences in the social and health care. It is the responsibilities of the volunteers, groups or agencies who are directly or indirectly engaged with the children and their families to develop as well as implement policies, processes and systems in place that could support the multi-agency safeguarding arrangements. Independent Safeguarding Authority (ISA) is considered as one of the very important organization who are actively involved in the safeguarding the children welfare. This organization, as well as other organizations, took responsibilities to prevent an unsuitable person from working with the children. One of the best ways to carry out the responsibility is to take help from Criminal Records Bureau (CRB) (Parton 2011). Criminal Records Bureau is recognized as the agency of Home Office, which helps to provide access to the criminal record information that is considered as equivalents to the national organization. In addition, these organizations and agencies need to follow the rules and regulations that are stated in Children Act 2004, Safeguarding Vulnerable Act 2006 and Protection of Freedoms Act 2012. The Education Act 2002 ensures the security of the children in the school premises without compromising their learning facilities. Apart from these, the organizations are taking steps to monitor individual students in order to identify if they are facing any abuse in their school or other organizations. Effectiveness of the existing practices and strategies to minimize abuse in the social and health care in the context of case study After reviewing present practice and strategies in different organizations and the agencies, it can be stated that for a certain limit these practices, as well as the strategies, proved as beneficial in the context of safeguarding the welfare of the children. The proper implementation of Children Act 1989 and the Children Act 2004 proved as helpful in order to ensure the security of the children group who are considered as the vulnerable group in the society (Great Britain. Department of Health 2012). As the children are bound to trust their parents as well as their caregivers for their welfare, the effective policies are helpful to reduce the chances of child abuse in the home. However, still the incidences of child abuse in the home are a very common incident. On the other hand, the other strategies are taken by the organizations and strategies to help the victim children such as monitoring individuals' activity in certain limit helped to reduce child abuse incidence in most of the communities. Sadly, according to the study of Webber, McCree and Angeli (2013), most of the child abuse incidences are taking place among the families who belongs to the migrated colonies. Therefore, the effectiveness of the policies and the strategies remains in doubt. On the other hand, the steps were taken by Independent Safeguarding Authority (ISA) were considerably proved as helpful to implement the acts proposed by the government of the United Kingdom. The help taken from Criminal Records Bureau (CRB) in order to access the criminal record is no doubt proved as promising to identify the unwanted personals in the context of providing care towards the children. The role of the local community members, as well as volunteers of different organizations, are also very much appreciating in the context of ensuring the safeguard of the welfare of the children. Possible improvements needed in the exiting practices and strategies After reviewing the present policies, legislations, acts and the action was taken by the organization it can be stated that for a certain limit these practices, as well as the strategies, proved as beneficial in the context of safeguarding the welfare of the children. However, it is also important to mention that despite the implementation of several policies, legislations, acts and strategies, there are still several reports of child abuse are emerging. Therefore, it is clear the present policies, legislations, acts and strategies need several amendments. To improve the present practice the government needs to take more active and stricter steps to implement their rules and regulations. The community members need to monitor the individual child in their area and report immediately if they saw any difference in their behavior. The school or the institutions need to arrange a session with the psychiatrist with individual children at least twice in a year to ensure the welfare of the c hildren. Conclusion: After reviewing all of the policies and the legislation it can be said that implementation of few act, legislation or policies are not enough to protect the wellbeing and the rights of the vulnerable group in the society. To ensure the safety as well as the security of the vulnerable group the local communities as well as the health and social care organizations need to take several steps. These steps may include the monitoring of the children and the elderly people living in a community. In addition, the organization management needs to be stricter and need to use different policies while recruiting new staffs. This procedure should be entertained in order to avoid future complications such as the occurrence of abusive incidence involving the organization staffs. The government of the United Kingdom also needs to amend their several acts and policies in order to avoid future complications and offer a better safeguarding towards the vulnerable groups. Reference Bandura, A., 2013. The explanatory and predictive scope of self-efficacy theory.Journal of social and clinical psychology,4(3), pp.359-373. Carpenter, J. and Dickinson, H., 2014.Interprofessional education and training. policy press. Dubowitz, H., Kim, J., Black, M.M., Weisbart, C., Semiatin, J. and Magder, L.S., 2011. Identifying children at high risk for a child maltreatment report.Child abuse neglect,35(2), pp.96-104. Glasby, J., 2012.Understanding health and social care. Policy Press. Humphries, R. and Curry, N., 2011. Integrating health and social care.London: Kings Fund. Kimbrough, E., Magyari, T., Langenberg, P., Chesney, M. and Berman, B., 2010. Mindfulness intervention for child abuse survivors.Journal of clinical psychology,66(1), pp.17-33. Lovell, B., Moss, M. and Wetherell, M.A., 2012. With a little help from my friends: Psychological, endocrine and health corollaries of social support in parental caregivers of children with autism or ADHD.Research in developmental disabilities,33(2), pp.682-687. Lymbery, M., 2010. A new vision for adult social care? Continuities and change in the care of older people.Critical Social Policy,30(1), pp.5-26. Lymbery, M. and Postle, K., 2010. Social work in the context of adult social care in England and the resultant implications for social work education.British Journal of Social Work, p.bcq045. Lyubomirsky, S., Dickerhoof, R., Boehm, J.K. and Sheldon, K.M., 2011. Becoming happier takes both a will and a proper way: an experimental longitudinal intervention to boost well-being.Emotion,11(2), p.391. Ma, M.W., Mlis, N.B., Chunick, S., Viray, C., Shafey, D., Swanson, M. and Wasdell, M., Fraser Health Authority, 2010. Martin, G., Currie, G. and Lockett, A., 2011. Prospects for knowledge exchange in health policy and management: institutional and epistemic boundaries.Journal of health services research policy,16(4), pp.211-217. McKeeargue, M., 2010. Budget crises, health, and social welfare programmes.Bmj,341, p.77. Radford, L., Corral, S., Bradley, C., Fisher, H., Bassett, C., Howat, N. and Collishaw, S., 2011. Child abuse and neglect in the UK today. Reder, P. and Duncan, S., 2013.Lost innocents: A follow-up study of fatal child abuse. Routledge. Rothon, C., Head, J., Klineberg, E. and Stansfeld, S., 2011. Can social support protect bullied adolescents from adverse outcomes? A prospective study on the effects of bullying on the educational achievement and mental health of adolescents at secondary schools in East London.Journal of Adolescence,34(3), pp.579-588. Slep, A.M.S., Heyman, R.E. and Snarr, J.D., 2011. Child emotional aggression and abuse: Definitions and prevalence.Child abuse neglect,35(10), pp.783-796. Spencer, R., Collins, M.E., Ward, R. and Smashnaya, S., 2010. Mentoring for young people leaving foster care: Promise and potential pitfalls.Social Work,55(3), pp.225-234. Stevens, M., Glendinning, C., Jacobs, S., Moran, N., Challis, D., Manthorpe, J., Fernndez, J.L., Jones, K., Knapp, M., Netten, A. and Wilberforce, M., 2011. Assessing the role of increasing choice in English social care services.Journal of Social Policy,40(02), pp.257-274. Tew, J., Ramon, S., Slade, M., Bird, V., Melton, J. and Le Boutillier, C., 2011. Social factors and recovery from mental health difficulties: a review of the evidence.British journal of social work, p.bcr076.

Theft of Unprotected Data Ethical Issue

Question: Discss about theTheft of Unprotected Data of Ethical Issue. Answer: Introduction This essay focuses on the analysis of the ethical issue of theft of unprotected data. The analysis focuses on the various factors related to such an ethical issue along with the various entities involved in the corresponding ethical situation. It is unethical to steal unprotected data, even if it is the responsibility of the owner to secure it The hypothesis statement mentioned above focuses on the theft of unprotected data along with the responsibilities of the owner of the data. This ethical problem hovers around the fact that some data has been stolen. Now the factor which weighs into the decision making process is the security applied for the data by the owner. One of the argument, which can arise in this situation is, the data was never secured properly by the owner, so its not unethical to take it without the owners consent. Another argument for this situation is that its unethical to take any private data without the owners consent even if its not protected or secured properly (Finn, 2016). Analysis As mentioned before, the ethical dilemma under discussion is the theft of unprotected data and the factors related to the situation. One of the analogy to the situation is an unlocked door in a house. If a house is not protected by a locked door and the owner forgot to lock the door, that doesnt make it ethical for someone to go into the house and take some property. Such as action of an individual can also be considered to be illegal. In the same way, data can be considered to be the intellectual property of an individual irrespective of whether its secured or not. The theft of the intellectual property of any individual should be considered unethical even if the owner didnt keep the property secure (Warren, 2016). Another analogy of the situation is the garbage thrown out to trash in front of a house and whether it is unethical for an individual to go through the dumpster to take some items without the consent of the owner of the house. The action of an individual to go through the dumpster is certainly not illegal, but unethical. In case of a professional environment, the data that isnt useful isnt available ethically for anyone to take it. So even if the data is not useful to the owner, its not ethical for anyone to steal it even when its unsecured or unprotected (Conn, 2013). The code of ethics established by the Australia Computer Society provides a number of guidelines for the decision making process for similar situations. One of the social values focuses in the code of ethics defined by Australian Computer Society is honesty, which in turn can be applied to this situation in order to define the action of stealing unprotected data to be unethical. Professionalism is another social value that the Australian Computer Society focuses on for the code of ethics. As per this social value, its not professional for an individual to steal the unprotected data kept in any condition (Leicester, 2016). If the owner hasnt kept the data secured or protected, professionalism suggests that we should respect the privacy of the owner and leave the data untouched even if its unprotected. The code of ethics from the Australian Computer Society also focuses on the practice of keeping the interest of public in front of personal interests. The application of this social valu e to the situation under analysis, suggests that the interest of the owner of the data should be kept in front of the personal interests. The theft of the unprotected data negatively affects the interest of the owner to keep the data safe, which in turn makes such an action unethical (Casteleyn, 2013). Conclusion It is certainly unethical for an individual to steal unprotected data, even if the owner forgot to keep it safe or the owner didnt want to keep the data safe. The analogies of this situation to the real-world scenarios of a house with its door unlocked and dumpster in front of a house suggested that the action of stealing unprotected data is unethical even if its the responsibilities of the owner to keep it secure. The social values mentioned in the code of ethics established by the Australian Computer Society include professionalism, primacy of the public interest and honesty, all of which suggest that the act of stealing the unprotected information can be considered as unethical. In some situations, such act can also be considered to be illegal. So such factors should be kept in focus in order to avoid from similar actions (Bowern, 2013). References Bowern, M. and Burmeister, O.K., 2013. 14. Business benefits from keeping codes of ethics up to date. Professionalism in the Information and Communication Technology Industry, 3, p.295. Casteleyn, L., Dumez, B., Van Damme, K. and Anwar, W.A., 2013. Ethics and data protection in human biomarker studies in environmental health. International journal of hygiene and environmental health, 216(5), pp.599-605. Conn, J., 2013. Unprotected data. Advocate breach highlights fact that 36% of providers don't use encryption. Modern healthcare, 43(36), pp.16-16. Finn, R.L. and Wright, D., 2016. Privacy, data protection and ethics for civil drone practice: A survey of industry, regulators and civil society organisations. Computer Law Security Review. Leicester, N., 2016. Ethics in the IT Profession: Does a Code of Ethics have an Effect on Professional Behaviour?. Warren, M. and Lucas, R., 2016. Ethics and ICT: Why all the fuss?. Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society, 14(2).

Ap Lang Sample Student Essay

Ap Lang Sample Student Essay'The Ap Lang Sample Student Essay' can be a great resource for writers who want to become better writers. This is an eBook that offers ideas and suggestions for students who want to write essays of all sorts. The topics include issues like prose style, essay structure, vocabulary, and essay practice.In the Ap Lang Sample Student Essay, the writer will find hints about how to make their writing more appealing to readers. They will also learn tips on creating effective essay titles, how to come up with interesting and engaging topics, and more.Writing essays can be hard work. Many students are intimidated by writing in high school. Using the tips in this eBook can help them begin the process of writing a great essay. Writing an essay is not something that can be learned in just one day, but with the right tools, the writer can get started and write some great essays.Essays can be too long or too short, and students don't know which type of essay they should be writing. The best way to determine what type of essay is best for a student's writing is to learn a little bit about how to go about choosing topics. This eBook contains a whole lot of material for students to use to determine the type of essay that is right for them.Style is one of the most important aspects of essays. It is important to learn how to write within certain conventions, such as proper names, proper punctuation, sentence construction, grammar, etc. Most essays do not need any special guidelines, but it helps to know the rules if you are writing one.One of the most important things a student can do when writing an essay is to practice it as much as possible. When writing an essay, there are various factors that a student can change to create a better essay. These factors can include changing topic, increasing the length of the essay, using different words, ending sentences, and changing the tone of the essay.There are a number of things that a student can do to impro ve their essays. One of the most important things is to put their ideas out there in an open forum so other students can see it. The Ap Lang Sample Student Essay offers information on a variety of topics to help readers learn to write better essays.The Ap Lang Sample Student Essay is not just a guide on how to write a college essay. The eBook provides useful information on improving your writing skills as well as a number of other topics that can help students write better essays.

New and Old Wars Comparison

The argument that there are â€Å"New wars† dissimilar to older forms of warfare is not only generalist, but also not supported by existing scholarly and objective literature on the subject. According to Mary Kaldor, â€Å"New Wars† differ from older forms of warfare in their goals, methods of implementation and financing.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on New and Old Wars Comparison specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More I believe, and will show objective analysis in the subsequent paragraphs, that the only difference between â€Å"New Wars† and older types of warfare exists in the manner of financing; however, the goals and methods of implementation of warfare have remained the same throughout the existence of warfare. In Kaldor’s view, the goals of the â€Å"New Wars† are to increase economic gain and impose identity politics â€Å"which is inherently exclusive and tends towards fra gmentation† (2006). Identity politics involves a â€Å"claim to power on the basis of a particular identity† (Kaldor, 2006). The imposition of identity politics in â€Å"New wars† results in the fragmentation of communities and massive resettlement of populations and refugee movement (for example the aftermath of genocide), so much that the movement of these refuges becomes not a by-product of war, but a central goal of it. Concerning the methods of implementation of these â€Å"New wars†, Kaldor is of the view that during the last decades of the twentieth century, a new type of organized violence that incorporated war, organized violence, and human rights violations emerged. This includes the â€Å"privatization of violence† (Kaldor, 2006) creating a scenario where the instruments and means of war are not held by the state but by War loads, criminal gangs and police forces within a particular state. On the issue of financing these â€Å"New warsâ € , Kaldor argues that the state no longer mobilizes finances for the wars, but – especially in weak Third world governments – the fighting units finance themselves through plunder, hostage taking and the black market, or independently through trafficking in humans, dealing in drugs and arms trade.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On this matter, as stated in the introduction, I concur with Kaldor’s argument that the only difference between â€Å"New wars† and older types is in the modality of financing. To counter kaldor’s theory concerning the goals and implementation methods of the â€Å"New wars†, the first counter-argument concerns the matter of goals of the war. Economic gain has always been the paramount objective of wars, and is not a feature exclusive to â€Å"New wars†. More scrutiny and analysis of wars in con temporary times by â€Å"academics, policy analysts, and politicians† (Newman, 2004, p.180) has served to highlight the wars, bringing out deeper dynamics of the wars, but the main objectives like economic gain have always been present. Even the contemporary factor of multinationals selling weapons to the warring parties serves the same purpose – profiting from war. Furthermore, Identity politics and wars based on fragmenting the society along the lines of race, ethnicity, and religion are as old as war itself. The Armenian genocide of World War I and the Holocaust of World War II are prime examples. The Rwandan genocide of 1994, a supposed â€Å"New War†, has similar features with the two previous genocides, which according to Kaldor, are old types of warfare. In conclusion, I have presented Kaldor’s â€Å"New Wars† theory, identifying its goals, methods and financing. I have argued against its goals and methods, focusing on the argument that both goals and methods can be found throughout history in older forms of warfare. Various violent conflicts, from the present and past, have been addressed and an analysis of the Rwandan genocide, the holocaust, and the Armenian genocide posed. Moreover, the role of the media and advances in information has been analyzed to show that just because there is much more analysis and discussion about wars nowadays does not necessarily make them ‘new’.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on New and Old Wars Comparison specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Kaldor, M. (2006). New and Old Wars, 2nd ed. Cambridge: Polity. Newman, E. (2004). The ‘New Wars’ debate: A historical perspective is needed. Security Dialogue vol. 35(2) 173-189. This essay on New and Old Wars Comparison was written and submitted by user Hezekiah Burt to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Roman Buildings

Roman Architecture by Ryan Huguenin During the 2nd century BC the Romans, in conquering North Africa, Greece, Anatolia, and Spain, absorbed the architectural traditions of those areas (most significantly that of Greece), to which they added the constructional skills of the Etruscans, their immediate neighbors in central Italy. The most significant achievements of the Romans were in their technology of building, their use of a much wider range of materials (including concrete, Terra-Cotta, and fired bricks), and their refinements of the arch, vault and dome, all of which had been pioneered by the Etruscans. Roman temples generally remained modeled on those of Greece, with the common addition of a high plinth (base or platform) and the frequent omission of the side and rear columns. Roman civic monuments included a number of building types of unprecedeted size and complexity, which could not have been built using the Greek beam-and-column construction system. The aqueduct, thermae, basilica, theater, triumphal arch, amphitheater, circuses, and palaces involved enclosing much larger spaces or bridging much greater distances than could be achieved by the use of timber or stone beams. The Roman use of domed construction in mass concrete is best represented by the well-preserved Pantheon in Rome (constructed AD 120-24), which subsequently became a Christian church. Later Roman or early Christian churches, however, generally took their form from the basilica, whose central nave, side aisles, Triforium, and apsa became characteristic features of the Romanesque and Gothic church. Emperor Constantine I built huge basilican churches at all the major Christian sites in the Roman Empire in the 4th century, thus firmly establishing the basilica as the predominant form of Christian church architecture. (Ward-Perkins, 1977). According to much of my pertinent research, probably the clearest picture of Roman architecture can... Free Essays on Roman Buildings Free Essays on Roman Buildings Roman Architecture by Ryan Huguenin During the 2nd century BC the Romans, in conquering North Africa, Greece, Anatolia, and Spain, absorbed the architectural traditions of those areas (most significantly that of Greece), to which they added the constructional skills of the Etruscans, their immediate neighbors in central Italy. The most significant achievements of the Romans were in their technology of building, their use of a much wider range of materials (including concrete, Terra-Cotta, and fired bricks), and their refinements of the arch, vault and dome, all of which had been pioneered by the Etruscans. Roman temples generally remained modeled on those of Greece, with the common addition of a high plinth (base or platform) and the frequent omission of the side and rear columns. Roman civic monuments included a number of building types of unprecedeted size and complexity, which could not have been built using the Greek beam-and-column construction system. The aqueduct, thermae, basilica, theater, triumphal arch, amphitheater, circuses, and palaces involved enclosing much larger spaces or bridging much greater distances than could be achieved by the use of timber or stone beams. The Roman use of domed construction in mass concrete is best represented by the well-preserved Pantheon in Rome (constructed AD 120-24), which subsequently became a Christian church. Later Roman or early Christian churches, however, generally took their form from the basilica, whose central nave, side aisles, Triforium, and apsa became characteristic features of the Romanesque and Gothic church. Emperor Constantine I built huge basilican churches at all the major Christian sites in the Roman Empire in the 4th century, thus firmly establishing the basilica as the predominant form of Christian church architecture. (Ward-Perkins, 1977). According to much of my pertinent research, probably the clearest picture of Roman architecture can...

Jet Blue Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Jet Blue Case Study - Essay Example In this case, it is necessary to analyze human resource strategies, policies and practices directed toward the provision of best services within the airline industry. The following paper will examine and make an analysis of resource strategies, policies, and practices and their relation to one of the well-known low-cost U.S. carriers, JetBlue Airways. In terms of hiring practices, JetBlue follows the Equal Employment Opportunities laws through its Corporation Affirmative Action Policy, which impedes any ways of discrimination and harassment against any candidate, employee, suppliers, and customer. As one of the key company’s values, Caring and Integrity in following EEO rules is doubtless (O’reill & Hoffer Gittell, 2001). According to the Corporation Code of Conduct (2014), JetBlue respects individuals in a non-discriminatory manner and without regard on race, gender identity, sexual orientation and religion, age, citizenship, disabilities and such status as veteran. These are all the regulations of the company based on such laws as Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967, Americans with Disabilities and Rehabilitation Act of 2008 and Fair Labor Standards Act of 1958 (EEO Laws, n.d.). The process of recruitment should be aimed to not only filling with certain organizational gaps, but be focused on searching for specific skills and experiences of people to build an organization. The recruitment process at JetBlue, according to O’reilly and Hoffer Gittell (2001), is the most important thing as it means to search for those who would fit company values. For internal sources, employees are at the highest concern within the company, as they know the requirements of various positions and are able to take full responsibility on such knowing and desire to hold a new job. JetBlue motivates talented crewmembers in different ways, developing its reputation for special treating of

The New Madrid Earthquake of 1811-1812 Research Paper

The New Madrid Earthquake of 1811-1812 - Research Paper Example Giant waves rose up and swept north giving the impression it was flowing backwards. Boats along the river were engulfed, capsized and their crew drowned. They were many unusual factors about the New Madrid Earthquake of 1811-1812. The first surprising was their location. They were centered at the southeast corner of Missouri far from the active seismic zones of the mountain chains on the edges of the continents, which are the boundaries of tectonic plates. Secondly, their magnitudes were unusually high; in the range of between 8.1-8.3 on a Richter scale. Thirdly, the pattern was unusual in that there were three shocks of about the same magnitude separated by weeks at a time. As mentioned before, the first one occurred on December 16, 1811, with an 8.2 magnitude at 2:00 am. The second one occurred January 23, 1812 at an undisclosed time with an 8.1 magnitude and the third one occurred February 7, 1812 with the highest recorded magnitude of 8.3 at 3:15 am. The impact of that this disas ter had on victims far and near was indescribable and sad to say possibilities of it happening again is a certainty! What is New Madrid Seismic Zone? With reference to cusec.org the New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ) is the most active seismic area in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains. The NMSZ is located in southeastern Missouri, northeastern Arkansas, western Tennessee, western Kentucky and southern Illinois. Southwestern Indiana and northwestern Mississippi are also close enough to receive significant shaking from large earthquakes occurring in the NMSZ. Analysis of the New Madrid Seismic Zone The active faults in the NMSZ are poorly understood because they are not expressed at the ground surface where they can be easily studied. The faults are hidden beneath 100- to 200-foot thick layers of soft river deposited soils called alluvium. Fault scraps and traces in the soft alluvium erode in a very short time or may be rapidly covered by new deposits thereby quickly hiding ev idence of earthquake fault lines. Faults in places like California, where rocks are at or near the ground surface, are much easier to study because the faults are readily found, seen, measured and analyzed. (Cited from cusec.org) Knowledge about some of the NMSZ faults is obtained by seismograph recordings of the frequent small earthquakes. St. Louis University, University of Memphis, the U.S. Geological Survey and University of Kentucky operate more than 30 seismograph stations to monitor earthquake activity in the NMSZ and Central U.S. Micro seismic earthquakes (magnitude less than 1.0 to about 2.0), measured by seismographs but not felt by humans, occur on average every other day in the NMSZ (more than 200 per year). The measured locations of micro seismic earthquakes show some trends that have been used to identify active faults in the NMSZ. The trends indicate a four-segment, zig-zag fault system with a total length of about 125 miles stretching from Marked Tree, Arkansas north eastward through Missouri, Tennessee and Kentucky to Cairo, Illinois. In the past 25 years, scientists have learned that strong earthquakes in the central Mississippi Valley are not freak events but have occurred repeatedly in the geologic past.   Earthquakes in the central or eastern United States affect much larger areas than earthquakes of similar magnitude in the western United States.   For example, the San Francisco, California, earthquake of 1906 (magnitude 7.8) was felt 350